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自动化信任的研究综述与展望

董文莉 方卫宁

董文莉, 方卫宁. 自动化信任的研究综述与展望. 自动化学报, 2021, 47(6): 1183−1200 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200432
引用本文: 董文莉, 方卫宁. 自动化信任的研究综述与展望. 自动化学报, 2021, 47(6): 1183−1200 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200432
Dong Wen-Li, Fang Wei-Ning. Trust in automation: Research review and future perspectives. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2021, 47(6): 1183−1200 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200432
Citation: Dong Wen-Li, Fang Wei-Ning. Trust in automation: Research review and future perspectives. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2021, 47(6): 1183−1200 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200432

自动化信任的研究综述与展望

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200432
基金项目: 北京市自然科学基金(L191018)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    董文莉:北京交通大学电子信息工程学院博士研究生. 2017年获得郑州大学轨道交通信号与控制学士学位. 主要研究方向为自动化信任和计算认知建模. E-mail: wldong_bjtu@163.com

    方卫宁:北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室教授. 1996年获得重庆大学博士学位. 主要研究方向为人因工程 , 轨道交通安全模拟与仿真. 本文通信作者. E-mail: wnfang@bjtu.edu.cn

Trust in Automation: Research Review and Future Perspectives

Funds: Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (L191018)
More Information
    Author Bio:

    DONG Wen-Li Ph. D. candidate at the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University. She received her bachelor degree in Rail Transportation Signaling and Control from Zhengzhou University in 2017. Her research interest covers trust in automation and computational cognitive modeling

    FANG Wei-Ning Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University. He received his Ph. D. degree from Chongqing University in 1996. His research interest covers ergonomics, intelligent transportation systems, system reliability and safety, and railway simulation. Corresponding author of this paper

  • 摘要: 随着自动化能力的快速提升, 人机关系发生深刻变化, 人的角色逐渐从自动化的主要控制者转变为与其共享控制的合作者. 为了实现绩效和安全目标, 人机协同控制需要操作人员适当地校准他们对自动化机器的信任, 自动化信任问题已经成为实现安全有效的人机协同控制所面临的最大挑战之一. 本文回顾了自动化信任相关文献, 围绕自动化信任概念、模型、影响因素及测量方法, 对迄今为止该领域的主要理论和实证工作进行了详细总结. 最后, 本文在研究综述和相关文献分析的基础上提出了现有自动化信任研究工作中存在的局限性, 并从人机系统设计的角度为未来的自动化信任研究提供一些建议.
  • 图  1  自动化信任校准示意图

    Fig.  1  Diagram of calibration of trust in automation

    图  2  自动化信任定义涉及的重要特征

    Fig.  2  Important characteristics involved in the definitions of trust in automation

    图  3  自动化信任模型文献的时间分布

    Fig.  3  Time distribution of the literature on models of trust in automation

    图  4  自动化信任影响因素总结

    Fig.  4  Summary of factors influencing trust in automation

    图  5  三种自动化信任测量方法的应用比例

    Fig.  5  Application ratio of three trust in automation measures

    图  6  与文献发表趋势、重点应用领域及研究对象相关的自动化信任文献分析结果

    Fig.  6  Results of literature analysis related to literature publication trends, key application areas and research objects of trust in automation

    表  1  自动化信任计算模型总结

    Table  1  Summary of computational models of trust in automation

    类型离线信任模型在线信任模型
    输入先验参数先验参数及实时行为和
    生理及神经数据
    作用在可能的情景范围内进行
    模拟以预测自动化信任水平
    在系统实际运行期间实
    时估计自动化信任水平
    应用用于自动化系统设计阶段用于自动化系统部署阶段
    结果静态改进自动化设计动态调整自动化行为
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  常见的自动化信任行为测量方法总结

    Table  2  Summary of common behavioural measures of trust in automation

    行为典型例子
    依赖1) 将控制权移交给自动化或从自动化收回控制权[133].
    2) 降低对自动化的监视程度[134-135].
    遵从1) 接受由自动化提供的建议或选择的动作[136].
    2) 放弃自己的决定来遵守自动化的决定[137].
    其他1) 选择手动还是使用自动化完成任务[58, 84].
    2) 选择的自动化水平[138] (操作者选择的自动化
    水平越高, 其信任水平越高).
    3) 反应时间[139] (较长的反应时间代表较高的信任水平).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  重要的生理及神经测量方法及其依据

    Table  3  Important physiological and neural measures of trust in automation and their basis

    测量方法方法依据
    通过眼动追踪捕获操作者的凝视行为来对自动化信任进行持续测量.监视行为等显性行为与主观自动化信任的联系更加紧密[78]. 虽然关于自动化信任与监视行为的实验证据并不是单一的[142], 但大多数实证研究表明, 自动化信任主观评分与操作者监视频率之间存在显著的负相关关系[48]. 表征操作者监视程度的凝视行为可以为实时自动化信任测量提供可靠信息[140, 142-143].
    利用 EEG 信号的图像特征来检测操作者的自动化信任状态.许多研究检验了人际信任的神经关联[144-148], 使用神经成像工具检验自动化信任的神经关联是可行的. EEG 比其他工具 (如功能性磁共振成像) 具有更好的时间动态性[149], 在脑−机接口设计中使用 EEG 图像模式来识别用户认知和情感状态已经具有良好的准确性[149]. 自动化信任是一种认知结构, 利用 EEG 信号的图像特征来检测操作者的自动化信任校准是可行的, 并且已经取得了较高的准确性[68-69, 150].
    通过 EDA 水平推断自动化信任水平已有研究表明, 较低的自动化信任水平可能与较高的 EDA 水平相关[151]. 将该方法与其他生理及神经测量方法结合使用比单独使用某种方法的自动化信任测量准确度更高, 例如将 EDA 与眼动追踪[142] 或 EEG 结合使用[68-69].
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  自动化信任的主要研究团体及其研究贡献

    Table  4  Main research groups of trust in automation and their research contributions

    序号国别机构团队及代表学者研究贡献文献数
    1美国美国陆军研究实验室人类研究和工程局的
    Chen
    提出基于系统透明度的一系列自动化信任校准方法26
    2美国美国空军研究实验室人类信任与交互分部的Lyons进行军事背景下的自动化信任应用研究24
    3美国中佛罗里达大学仿真模拟与培训学院的Hancock建立人−机器人信任的理论体系并进行相关影响
    因素实证研究
    21
    4美国克莱姆森大学机械工程系的 Saeidi 和Wang建立基于信任计算模型的自主分配策略来
    提高人机协作效能
    20
    5美国乔治梅森大学心理学系的 de Visser建立并完善自动化信任修复相关理论, 着重研究
    自动化的拟人特征对信任修复的作用
    18
    6日本筑波大学风险工程系的 Itoh 和Inagaki基于自动化信任校准的人−自动驾驶汽车协同系统设计方法14
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-06-17
  • 修回日期:  2020-08-11
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-06-10
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