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间接互惠与合作演化的若干问题研究进展

张艳玲 刘爱志 孙长银

张艳玲, 刘爱志, 孙长银. 间接互惠与合作演化的若干问题研究进展. 自动化学报, 2018, 44(1): 1-12. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c170200
引用本文: 张艳玲, 刘爱志, 孙长银. 间接互惠与合作演化的若干问题研究进展. 自动化学报, 2018, 44(1): 1-12. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c170200
ZHANG Yan-Ling, LIU Ai-Zhi, SUN Chang-Yin. Development of Several Studies on Indirect Reciprocity and the Evolution of Cooperation. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2018, 44(1): 1-12. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c170200
Citation: ZHANG Yan-Ling, LIU Ai-Zhi, SUN Chang-Yin. Development of Several Studies on Indirect Reciprocity and the Evolution of Cooperation. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2018, 44(1): 1-12. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c170200

间接互惠与合作演化的若干问题研究进展

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c170200
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 61520106009

中央高校基础科研业务费 FRF-TP-15-116A1

国家自然科学基金 61603036

国家自然科学基金 61533008

中国博士后科学基金 2015M580989

详细信息
    作者简介:

    张艳玲北京科技大学自动化学院师资博士后.2014年获得北京大学一般力学与力学基础专业博士学位.主要研究方向为演化博弈动力学.E-mail:yanlzhang@ustb.edu.cn

    刘爱志北京科技大学博士研究生.2014年获得北京科技大学硕士学位.主要研究方向为复杂系统建模和演化博弈动力学.E-mail:ustb_laz@xs.ustb.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    孙长银东南大学自动化学院教授.主要研究方向为人工智能, 神经网络, 智能控制理论与方法, 模式识别.本文通信作者.E-mail:cysun@seu.edu.cn

Development of Several Studies on Indirect Reciprocity and the Evolution of Cooperation

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61520106009

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FRF-TP-15-116A1

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61603036

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61533008

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2015M580989

More Information
    Author Bio:

    The teachers postdoctoral at the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing. She received her Ph. D. degree from Peking University in 2014. Her research interest covers evolutionary game dynamics

    Ph. D. candidate at the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing. He received his master degree from University of Science and Technology Beijing in 2014. His research interest covers complex system modeling and evolutionary game dynamics

    Corresponding author: SUN Chang-Yin Professor at the School of Automation, Southeast University. His research interest covers artiflcial intelligence, neural networks, theory and design of intelligent control systems, and pattern recognition. Corresponding author of this paper
  • 摘要: 2005年Science杂志指出"合作行为如何进化"是21世纪最关键的25个科学问题之一.间接互惠如何促进合作演化的研究已吸引了包括经济学家、社会学家和演化生物学家等众多学者的关注.这是由于:人类社会道德的形成、社会化分工、语言的出现、人类大脑的进化等都和间接互惠密不可分;随着经济全球化和网络时代的到来,依赖声望和信誉的陌生个体间的交易日益频繁,局部信息条件下个体的信任被利用的"道德风险"逐渐增大.本文所关注的间接互惠是以声望为核心的"下游互惠",具体而言,个体通过帮助他人建立自己在群体中的好声望,从而期待未来获得他人的帮助.可见,声望是"下游互惠"发挥作用的关键.声望的建立引发了两方面的研究:1)如何评价个体声望的好与坏,焦点是何种声望评估准则能够促进合作的演化;2)个体的声望如何在群体中快速、准确、广泛地传播,使得陌生个体间能够获得彼此的声望信息,其中八卦这种声望传播方式成为间接互惠的研究热点之一.基于声望的间接互惠研究前景广阔,未来可能的研究方向主要有复杂网络上的间接互惠、声望传播系统的鲁棒性、声望共享系统的建立和间接互惠在P2P网络中的应用.
    1)  本文责任编委 张化光
  • 图  1  间接互惠的三种形式

    Fig.  1  Three kinds of indirect reciprocity

    图  2  博弈模型及收益矩阵

    Fig.  2  Games and their payoff matrices

    图  3  经典的间接互惠模型

    Fig.  3  Representative model about indirect reciprocity

    图  4  声望信息传播的两种方式

    Fig.  4  Two ways of reputation dispersal

    表  1  声望评估准则

    Table  1  Reputation evaluation criterion

    声望评估准则 定义 数量(种) 典型的例子
    "一阶评估" 考虑捐助者行为 $2^2=4$ "形象分数"
    "二阶评估" 同时考虑捐助者行为和接受者声望 ${(2^2)}^2=16$ "温和准则"、"严苛准则"
    "三阶评估" 同时考虑捐助者行为和声望及接受者声望 ${({(2^2)}^2)}^2=256$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  典型的"二阶评估"

    Table  2  Representative "second-order evaluation"

    捐助者行为/接受者声望
    捐助/好 捐助/坏 不捐助/好 不捐助/坏
    "温和准则"
    "严苛准则"
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  8种促进合作演化的声望评估准则

    Table  3  Eight reputation evaluation criterions which favor the evolution of cooperation

    捐助者声望/接受者声望
    好/好 好/坏 坏/好 坏/坏
    捐助者捐助 未知 未知
    捐助者不捐助 未知
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2017-04-14
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