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一种基于分类回归树的无人车汇流决策方法

苏锑 杨明 王春香 唐卫 王冰

苏锑, 杨明, 王春香, 唐卫, 王冰. 一种基于分类回归树的无人车汇流决策方法. 自动化学报, 2018, 44(1): 35-43. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c160457
引用本文: 苏锑, 杨明, 王春香, 唐卫, 王冰. 一种基于分类回归树的无人车汇流决策方法. 自动化学报, 2018, 44(1): 35-43. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c160457
SU Ti, YANG Ming, WANG Chun-Xiang, TANG Wei, WANG Bing. Classification and Regression Tree Based Traffic Merging for Method Self-driving Vehicles. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2018, 44(1): 35-43. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c160457
Citation: SU Ti, YANG Ming, WANG Chun-Xiang, TANG Wei, WANG Bing. Classification and Regression Tree Based Traffic Merging for Method Self-driving Vehicles. ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, 2018, 44(1): 35-43. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c160457

一种基于分类回归树的无人车汇流决策方法

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2018.c160457
基金项目: 

国家磁约束核聚变能研究专项 2012GB102002

国家自然科学基金 91420101

详细信息
    作者简介:

    苏锑上海交通大学智能车实验室硕士研究生.2014年获得河海大学学士学位.主要研究方向为协作驾驶算法和无人车队.E-mail:teenie_su@139.com

    王春香上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院副教授.1999年在哈尔滨工业大学获得博士学位.主要研究方向为移动机器人, 自动驾驶及高级驾驶辅助.E-mail:wangcx@sjtu.edu.cn

    唐卫上海交通大学自动化系博士研究生.2008年在南京理工大学获得学士学位, 2011年在上海航天技术研究院获得硕士学位.主要研究方向为协作驾驶和多智能体.E-mail:tangwei_327@163.com

    王冰上海交通大学自动化系高级工程师.1997年在上海交通大学获得工学博士学位.主要研究方向为嵌入式控制, 工业自动化, 自动导引车.E-mail:bingwang@sjtu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    杨明上海交通大学智能车研究所主任, 自动化系教授.1999年和2003年在清华大学获得计算机科学硕士和博士学位.主要研究方向为自动驾驶, 协作驾驶, 移动机器人, 机器视觉和高精细地图.本文通信作者.E-mail:mingyang@sjtu.edu.cn

Classification and Regression Tree Based Traffic Merging for Method Self-driving Vehicles

Funds: 

National Magnetic Conflnement Fusion Energy Research Project 2012GB102002

National Natural Science Foundation of China 91420101

More Information
    Author Bio:

    Master student at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. She received her bachelor degree from HoHai University in 2014. Her research interest covers cooperative driving and autonomous platooning

    Associate professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. She received her Ph. D. degree in mechanical engineering from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1999. Her research interest covers mobile robots, autonomous driving, and assistant driving

    Ph. D. candidate in the Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He received his bachelor degree in automation from Nanjing University of Science and Technology in 2008 and master degree in navigation guidance and control from Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology in 2011. His research interest covers cooperative driving and multi-agents system

    Senior engineer in the Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He received his Ph. D. degree in mechanical engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1997. His research interest covers embedded control, industrial automation, and automated guided vehicles

    Corresponding author: YANG Ming Director of the Research Institute of Intelligent Vehicle Technology, professor in the Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He received his master and Ph. D. degrees in computer sciences from Tsinghua University in 1999 and 2003, respectively. His research interest covers autonomous driving, cooperative driving, mobile robots, machine vision, and high deflnition map. Corresponding author of this paper
  • 摘要: 决策规划是无人驾驶技术中的重要环节.由于道路结构变化或障碍物引起的车辆被动换道多采用基于逻辑规则或优化算法的决策方式.本文以通行量为优化目标,提出一种基于分类回归树(Classification and regression tree,CART)的汇流决策方法.依据交通流参数,选择大量具有代表性的车辆汇流场景.对场景中车辆的汇流决策序列进行编码,采用遗传算法搜索使得通行量最大的决策方案.将寻优获得的大量汇流决策序列作为样本,训练分类回归树.选取车辆自身信息及与周围车辆的关系等以描述环境特征,运用分类回归树描述环境特征与决策结果的映射关系,获得一种通行量最优的汇流决策方法.在软件中进行仿真实验,对比既有方法,基于分类回归树的汇流方法能够有效减少汇流行为对车流的扰动,在大流量情形下依旧能保持较高的通行效率.此外,该方法对实际实施中可能存在的环境感知误差,如定位误差,有一定的鲁棒性.
    1)  本文责任编委 张毅
  • 图  1  汇流场景

    Fig.  1  Merging scenario

    图  2  汇流决策时间序

    Fig.  2  Merging decision sequence

    图  3  环境特征描述示例

    Fig.  3  Environment feature description

    图  4  分类决策树结构

    Fig.  4  Classification and regression tree

    图  5  SUMO仿真环境

    Fig.  5  SUMO simulation environment

    图  6  平均流量1 400 veh/h下游平均流量

    Fig.  6  1 400 veh/h, mean flow

    图  7  平均流量2 600 veh/h下游平均流量

    Fig.  7  600 veh/h, mean flow

    图  8  汇流点上游平均速度

    Fig.  8  Mean velocity of upstream

    图  9  平均流量1 400 veh/h定位误差对汇流效果影响

    Fig.  9  Influence of positioning error on merging efficiency, mean flow 1 400 veh/h

    图  10  平均流量2 600 veh/h定位误差对汇流效果影响

    Fig.  10  Influence of positioning error on merging efficiency, mean flow 2 600 veh/h

    表  1  环境特征变量描述

    Table  1  Environment feature description

    变量(Var) 描述
    ${D(i)}$ 汇流车辆距离瓶颈点的距离
    ${V(i)}$ 汇流车辆车速
    ${X(i-1)}$ 汇流车辆与本车道中前车的纵向距离
    ${TTC(i-1)}$ 汇流车辆与本车道中前车的预估碰撞时间
    ${X(k-1)}$ 汇流车辆与汇入车道中前车的纵向距离
    ${TTC(k-1)}$ 汇流车辆与汇入车道中前车的预估碰撞时间
    ${X(k)}$ 汇入车道中后车与汇流车辆的纵向距离
    ${TTC(k)}$ 汇入车道中后车与汇流车辆的预估碰撞时间
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  平均等待时间比较

    Table  2  Mean waiting time comparison

    汇流方案 到达过程 平均流量 最长等待时间 平均等待时间
    (veh/h) (s) (s)
    CART Poisson 1 200 0 0
    CART Poisson 1 800 0 0
    CART Poisson 2 400 1.1 0.02
    CART Constant 1 800 0 0
    CART Constant 2 400 1.4 0.021
    PV Poisson 1 200 88.3 20.5
    PV Poisson 1 800 203.2 119.9
    PV Poisson 2 400 554.8 345.1
    PV Constant 1 800 176.6 60.7
    PV Constant 2 400 198.4 101.3
    OMS Poisson 1 200 0 0
    OMS Poisson 1 800 0 0
    OMS Poisson 2 400 0.63 0.01
    OMS Constant 1 800 0 0
    OMS Constant 2 400 0.84 0.01
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2016-06-12
  • 录用日期:  2016-11-23
  • 刊出日期:  2018-01-01

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