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PID控制器参数的优化整定方法

刘宁 柴天佑

刘宁, 柴天佑. PID控制器参数的优化整定方法. 自动化学报, 2023, 49(11): 2272−2285 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c220795
引用本文: 刘宁, 柴天佑. PID控制器参数的优化整定方法. 自动化学报, 2023, 49(11): 2272−2285 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c220795
Liu Ning, Chai Tian-You. An optimal tuning method of PID controller parameters. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2023, 49(11): 2272−2285 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c220795
Citation: Liu Ning, Chai Tian-You. An optimal tuning method of PID controller parameters. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2023, 49(11): 2272−2285 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c220795

PID控制器参数的优化整定方法

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c220795
基金项目: 2020年度辽宁省科技重大专项计划(2020JH1/10100008), 国家自然科学基金重大项目(61991404, 61991400), 中央高校基本科研业务费(N2224004-01), 一体化过程控制学科创新引智基地2.0 (B08015)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘宁:东北大学流程工业综合自动化国家重点实验室博士研究生. 2019年获得中北大学硕士学位. 主要研究方向为控制理论与技术. E-mail: 18735135253@163.com

    柴天佑:中国工程院院士, 东北大学教授. IEEE Fellow, IFAC Fellow, 欧亚科学院院士. 主要研究方向为自适应控制, 智能解耦控制, 流程工业综合自动化理论、方法与技术. 本文通信作者. E-mail: tychai@mail.neu.edu.cn

An Optimal Tuning Method of PID Controller Parameters

Funds: Supported by 2020 Major Science and Technology Special Plan of Liaoning Province (2020JH1/10100008), Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61991404, 61991400), Basic Research Expenses for Central Universities (N2224004-01), and 111 Project 2.0 (B08015)
More Information
    Author Bio:

    LIU Ning Ph.D. candidate at State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University. He received his master degree from Northeast University of China in 2019. His research interest covers control theory and technology

    CHAI Tian-You Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor at Northeastern University, IEEE Fellow, IFAC Fellow, and academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. His research interest covers adaptive control, intelligent decoupling control, as well as theories, methods and technology of synthetical automation for process industries. Corresponding author of this paper

  • 摘要: 针对存在临界点的A类被控对象及不存在临界点的B类被控对象, 分别采用其$-180^\circ$和$-120^\circ$相位点的频率和增益提出了PID (Proportional-integral-derivative) 控制器参数的优化整定方法. 基于Tchebyshev多项式和分数阶积分器求取被控对象$-180^\circ$或$-120^\circ$相位点的频率和增益, 建立其积分滞后模型. 采用负载扰动下跟踪误差平方和(Sum of squares of tracking errors, SSE)最小作为优化指标, 使闭环系统具有强的鲁棒性的最大灵敏度和最大补灵敏度为约束方程, 针对两类被控对象, 分别建立了基于$-180^\circ$和$-120^\circ$相位点频率和增益的PID控制器比例、积分与微分三个参数的优化整定规则. 通过与其他常用PID控制方法的仿真与物理对比实验, 表明所提方法的优越性.
  • 图  1  闭环控制系统结构

    Fig.  1  Structure of closed-loop control system

    图  2  A类被控对象$ \rho_K $和$ \rho_T $的最优解曲线

    Fig.  2  Optimal solution curve of $ \rho_K $ and $ \rho_T $ of class A controlled object

    图  3  B类被控对象$ \rho_K $和$ \rho_T $的最优解曲线

    Fig.  3  Optimal solution curve of $ \rho_K $ and $ \rho_T $ of class B controlled object

    图  4  Z-N法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  4  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with Z-N method

    图  5  本文方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  5  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with the proposed method

    图  6  被控对象(81)的Nyquist曲线$(K_{120} = 2.26,$ $\omega_{120} = 224.25)$

    Fig.  6  Nyquist curve of controlled plant (81) $(K_{120} = 2.26,$ $\omega_{120} = 224.25)$

    图  7  文献[15]方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  7  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with the method in reference [15]

    图  8  本文方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  8  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with the proposed method

    图  9  文献[14]方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  9  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with the method in reference [14]

    图  10  本文方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  10  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with the proposed method

    图  11  文献[7]方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  11  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with the method in reference [7]

    图  12  本文方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与输出$y(t)$及输入$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  12  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, output $y(t)$ and input $u(t)$ with the proposed method

    图  13  空气流量实验系统

    Fig.  13  Air flow test system

    图  14  Z-N法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与冷风流量$y(t)$及冷风机频率$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  14  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, cold air flow $y(t)$ and air cooler frequency $u(t)$ with Z-N method

    图  15  Astrom优化方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与冷风流量$y(t)$及冷风机频率$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  15  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, cold air flow $y(t)$ and air cooler frequency $u(t)$ with the optimization method proposed by Astrom

    图  16  本文方法的设定值$y_{sp}(t)$与冷风流量$y(t)$及冷风机频率$u(t)$的曲线

    Fig.  16  Curves of set value $y_{sp}(t)$, cold air flow $y(t)$ and air cooler frequency $u(t)$ with the proposed method

    表  1  本文方法与Z-N法下误差$ e(t)$的性能评价

    Table  1  Performance evaluation of error $ e(t)$ with the proposed method and Z-N method

    整定方法性能指标
    SAEMSE
    本文3835.30810.0274
    Z-N法8004.83410.0479
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  本文方法与文献[15]方法下误差$e(t)$的性能评价

    Table  2  Performance evaluation of error $e(t)$ with the proposed method and the method in reference [15]

    整定方法性能指标
    SAEMSE
    本文635.72470.0164
    文献[15]993.03570.0277
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  本文方法与文献[14]方法下误差$ e(t)$的性能评价

    Table  3  Performance evaluation of error $ e(t)$ with the proposed method and the method in reference [14]

    整定方法性能指标
    SAEMSE
    本文142.61750.0473
    文献[14]176.52870.0536
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  本文方法与文献[7]方法下误差$ e(t)$的性能评价

    Table  4  Performance evaluation of error $ e(t)$ with the proposed method and the method in reference [7]

    整定方法性能指标
    SAEMSE
    本文28889.39060.1806
    文献[7]34598.92580.1914
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  三种整定方法下PID控制器参数

    Table  5  PID controller parameters with three tuning methods

    整定方法PID参数
    $K_P$$T_I$$T_D$
    Z-N法0.31583.34120.8353
    Astrom方法0.13772.69101.1111
    本文0.09747.13641.7841
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  三种方法下误差$ e(t)$的性能评价

    Table  6  Performance evaluation of error $ e(t)$ with the three methods

    整定方法性能指标
    SAEMSE
    Z-N法37624.01291736.8307
    Astrom方法10905.8089570.0473
    本文8904.2220514.4361
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-10-10
  • 录用日期:  2023-01-29
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-02-15
  • 刊出日期:  2023-11-22

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