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基于深度学习初始位姿估计的机器人摄影测量视点规划

姜涛 崔海华 程筱胜 田威

姜涛, 崔海华, 程筱胜, 田威. 基于深度学习初始位姿估计的机器人摄影测量视点规划. 自动化学报, 2023, 49(11): 2326−2337 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200255
引用本文: 姜涛, 崔海华, 程筱胜, 田威. 基于深度学习初始位姿估计的机器人摄影测量视点规划. 自动化学报, 2023, 49(11): 2326−2337 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200255
Jiang Tao, Cui Hai-Hua, Cheng Xiao-Sheng, Tian Wei. Viewpoint planning for robot photogrammetry based on initial pose estimation via deep learning. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2023, 49(11): 2326−2337 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200255
Citation: Jiang Tao, Cui Hai-Hua, Cheng Xiao-Sheng, Tian Wei. Viewpoint planning for robot photogrammetry based on initial pose estimation via deep learning. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2023, 49(11): 2326−2337 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200255

基于深度学习初始位姿估计的机器人摄影测量视点规划

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c200255
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2019YFB2006100), 中央高校基础科研基金(NS2020030), 江苏省自然基金(BK20191280), 国家科技重大专项/(04专项)−高档数控技术与基础制造装备(2018ZX04014001), 国家自然科学基金(52305582), 宿迁市科技计划(K202206), 江苏高校自然科学研究计划项目(22KJB460007)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    姜涛:宿迁学院机电工程学院副教授. 主要研究方向为光学精密测量, 智能制造系统中的视觉测量技术及应用. E-mail: jtmaster1@163.com

    崔海华:南京航空航天大学机电学院教授. 主要研究方向为光学精密测量. 本文通信作者. E-mail: cuihh@nuaa.edu.cn

    程筱胜:南京航空航天大学机电学院教授. 主要研究方向为数字化技术与装备. E-mail: smcadme@nuaa.edu.cn

    田威:南京航空航天大学机电学院教授. 主要研究方向为机器人装配技术与装备. E-mail: tw_nj@nuaa.edu.cn

Viewpoint Planning for Robot Photogrammetry Based on Initial Pose Estimation via Deep Learning

Funds: Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFB2006100), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NS2020030), Jiangsu Province Nature Science Fund (BK20191280), National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2018ZX04014001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (52305582), Suqian Science and Technology Program (K202206), and the General Program of Basic Science (Natural Science) Research in Universities of Jiangsu Province (22KJB460007)
More Information
    Author Bio:

    JIANG Tao Associate professor at the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian University. His research interest covers optical precision measurement, visual measurement technology and applications in intelligent manufacturing systems

    CUI Hai-Hua Professor at the College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His main research interest is optical precision measurement. Corresponding author of this paper

    CHENG Xiao-Sheng Professor at the College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research interest covers digital technology and equipment

    TIAN Wei Professor at the College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research interest covers robot assembly technology and equipment

  • 摘要: 针对机器人摄影测量中离线规划受初始位姿标定影响的问题, 提出融合初始位姿估计的机器人摄影测量系统视点规划方法. 首先构建基于YOLO (You only look once) 的深度学习网络估计被测对象3D包围盒, 利用PNP (Perspective-N-point)算法快速求解对象姿态; 然后随机生成机器人无奇异无碰撞的视点, 基于相机成像的2D-3D正逆性映射, 根据深度原则计算每个视角下目标可见性矩阵; 最后, 引入熵权法, 以最小化重建信息熵为目标建立优化模型, 并基于旅行商问题(Travelling saleman problem, TSP)模型规划机器人路径. 结果表明, 利用深度学习估计的平移误差低于5 mm, 角度误差低于2°. 考虑熵权的视点规划方法提高了摄影测量质量, 融合深度学习初始姿态的摄影测量系统提高了重建效率. 利用本算法对典型零件进行摄影测量质量和效率的验证, 均获得优异的位姿估计和重建效果. 提出的算法适用于实际工程应用, 尤其是快速稀疏摄影重建, 促进了工业摄影测量速度与自动化程度提升.
  • 图  1  机器人摄影测量系统简图

    Fig.  1  Diagram of the robotic photogrammetric system

    图  2  融合初始位姿估计的视点规划策略

    Fig.  2  Viewpoint planning strategy with estimated initial pose

    图  3  深度学习实现单幅图像位姿估计流程

    Fig.  3  Outline of single-shot pose estimation with deep learning

    图  4  训练和测量结果

    Fig.  4  Results of training and testing

    图  5  位姿估计可视化结果

    Fig.  5  Visualization of pose estimation

    图  6  不同视角下模型可见性算例对比

    Fig.  6  Comparison cases of visibility in different views

    图  7  机器人扫描规划仿真界面和现场实验

    Fig.  7  Simulation interface and field experiment of the robot scanning planning

    图  8  不同候选匹配点下扫描路径对比

    Fig.  8  Comparison of scanning paths with different candidate view point

    图  9  具有典型特征的零件摄影测量位姿估计与视点规划

    Fig.  9  The pose estimation and viewpoint planning of part with typical features for photogrammetry

    表  1  信息熵权有效性验证表

    Table  1  Effectiveness test for entropy weight

    对比实验目标函数优化的视
    点数(个)
    点云数(个)
    A$x^*=\min \displaystyle \sum\limits_{i=1}^N { {w_i}{x_i} }$2121509
    B$x^*=\min \displaystyle \sum\limits_{i=1}^N { {x_i} }$2018360
    C$x^*=\min \displaystyle \sum\limits_{i=1}^N { {x_i} }$21 = 20 (B) +
    1 (288)
    15344
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  综合权重和初始姿态下重建质量对比

    Table  2  Comparison of reconstruction quality with weight and first-sight pose

    有权重无权重
    有初始位姿约束无初始位姿约束有初始位姿约束无初始位姿约束
    视点索引1, 13, 100, 113, 143,
    149, 173, 189, 190,
    196, 207, 269, 272, 280
    13, 100, 113, 143,
    149, 173, 189, 190, 196,
    207, 269, 272, 280
    1, 17, 28, 38, 45, 61,
    66, 74, 89, 91, 92, 107,
    113, 127, 185, 189,
    207, 249, 269, 280
    14, 35, 43, 45, 56, 59,
    73, 75, 89, 111, 127, 149,
    162, 185, 189, 207, 249,
    256, 274, 281
    三维点云
    点数量105841145177039571
    注: 有初始位姿约束下,索引为1的视点需被约束保留.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  利用深度学习位姿估计的摄影测量效率对比

    Table  3  Comparison on effectiveness of photogrammetry with estimated pose using deep learning

    点个数重建时间 (s)
    有初始位姿约束无初始位姿约束数量变化 (%)无位姿估计有位姿估计效率提升 (%)
    球体15635164895.1815713315.29
    柱体1013811503 11.87 18215514.84
    凹台11472126409.241028318.63
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-04-26
  • 修回日期:  2020-11-04
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-12-08
  • 刊出日期:  2023-11-22

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