Integrated Terminal-Refinery Scheduling Model With Crude-Type Clustering-Based Berth Allocation
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摘要: 针对炼油全流程调度中传统序贯优化方法因忽略港口作业与生产各环节耦合关系而导致的储罐频繁切换、库存成本增加及装置原料供应不连续等问题, 采用按原油类型集中卸载的泊位分配策略, 基于事件点的混合时间建模方法, 将泊位分配、原油卸载、储罐调度、蒸馏加工、二次加工至产品调配各环节集成, 构建港炼一体化调度模型. 模型综合刻画港口卸载与罐区库存的衔接约束、储罐切换与装置进料的时序关系及原油搭配与产品质量的耦合机制, 并采用归一化多参数分解技术对模型进行求解. 基于某炼化企业实际数据的案例研究结果表明, 所提模型能够有效优化泊位分配与原油卸载顺序, 显著改善罐区库存管理、蒸馏装置进料连续性、二次加工装置运行及成品油调配等后续生产环节的运行状态. 与传统序贯优化方法相比, 该模型有效降低了总运行成本, 提高了调度效率.Abstract: To address the problems of frequent tank switching, increased inventory costs, and discontinuous feedstock supply to processing units caused by the neglect of material flow connections, temporal dependencies, and resource constraints among port operations and refinery production stages in traditional sequential optimization approaches for refinery-wide scheduling, a berth allocation strategy based on concentrated unloading by crude oil type and an event-based hybrid-time modeling approach are adopted to develop an integrated scheduling optimization model encompassing berth allocation, crude oil unloading, tank scheduling, distillation processing, secondary processing, and product blending. The model comprehensively characterizes the linking constraints between port unloading and tank inventory, the sequential relationships between tank switching and unit feeding, and the coupling mechanisms between crude oil blending and product quality, and a normalized multiparametric disaggregation technique is employed for model solution. Case study results based on actual data from a refinery enterprise demonstrate that the proposed model effectively optimizes berth allocation and crude oil unloading sequences, and significantly improves the operational performance of downstream production stages including tank inventory management, CDU feedstock continuity, secondary processing unit operations, and finished product blending. Compared with traditional sequential optimization approaches, the model effectively reduces total operating costs and improves scheduling efficiency.
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图 2 载油船连续泊位分配的时空表示
Fig. 2 Space-time representation of continuous berth allocation for marine vessels
图 4 基于原油类型聚类的油船泊位分配方案
Fig. 4 Berth allocation scheme based on crude type-based clustering
图 5 不同排船模式下调合罐和常减压装置进料流量对比
Fig. 5 Comparison of feed flow rates for charging tank and CDU under different berth scheduling modes
图 6 不同排船模式下FCC和CRU装置进料流量对比
Fig. 6 Comparison of feed flow rates for FCC and CRU under different berth scheduling modes
表 1 船舶到港信息
Table 1 Vessel arrival information
船舶
编号原油
种类到港时间
(天)泊位占用长度
(m)载油量
(kbbl)卸货时间
(天)MV1 CR1 0 10 1 000 2 MV2 CR2 0 2 1 000 2 MV3 CR2 1 3 1 000 2 MV4 CR3 1 9 1 000 1 MV5 CR1 2 7 1 000 2 MV6 CR3 2 6 1 000 1 MV7 CR2 3 7 1 000 2 MV8 CR3 3 7 1 000 1 MV9 CR1 4 6 1 000 2 MV10 CR4 4 4 1 000 2 MV11 CR4 5 3 1 000 2 MV12 CR4 5 8 1 000 2 
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表 2 储罐和装置参数
Table 2 Parameters of tanks and processing units
类型 编号 初始库存
(kbbl)最小容量
(kbbl)最大容量
(kbbl)流量范围
(kbbl/天)ST ST1、ST4 ~ ST8 180 0 4 000 0 ~ 500 ST2 180 0 4 000 0 ~ 200 ST3 180 0 4 000 0 ~ 250 CT CT1 ~ CT5 180 0 4 000 0 ~ 500 CDU CD1、CD2 – – – 50 ~ 500 二次加工装置 HT1、HT2 – 0 3 000 – HDS1、HDS3 – 0 3 000 – HC、CRU、FCC – 0 3 000 – DC、VB – 0 3 000 –
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表 3 产品需求与价格
Table 3 Product demand and price
产品 需求量(kbbl) 价格(k＄/kbbl) 汽油 1 022.43 982.03 航煤 2 154.62 2 300.00 柴油 534.50 1 175.33 燃油 106.57 1 242.63
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表 4 成本参数Parameters of costs
参数类别 取值(k＄) 参数类别 取值(k＄) 基础成本参数 储罐切换 5 000/次 ST库存 2/kbbl/天 港口等待 200/天 CT库存 3/kbbl/天 泊位占用 800/天 CDU加工成本(k＄/kbbl) CR1-CD1 5 CR1-CD2 2 CR2-CD2 6 CR2-CD2 3 CR3-CD3 8 CR3-CD2 5 CR4-CD4 2 CR4-CD2 6 二次加工单元成本(k＄/kbbl, m1/m2) HT1 7.5/9.5 HC 13.5/15.5 HT2 5.0/7.0 CRU 14.0/16.0 HDS1 5.5/7.5 FCC 17.5/19.5 HDS2 8.0/10.0 DC 13.0/15.0 HDS3 8.5/10.5 VB 12.0/14.0
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表 5 模型规模比较
Table 5 Model scale comparison
模型统计量 FCFS模型 CTBA模型 约束数量 7 052 8 124 变量数量 4 304 4 928 0-1变量数量 718 1 270
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表 6 求解算法性能对比
Table 6 Comparison of solution algorithm performance
指标 CTBA模型 FCFS模型 NMDT算法 Gurobi求解器 NMDT算法 成本与收益($ \times\,\;10^4 $ k＄) 换油成本 4.50 5.50 2.50 等待停泊成本 3.27 5.58 3.24 库存成本 26.92 22.33 39.28 蒸馏成本 4.68 4.38 4.07 操作成本 10.06 10.49 10.29 总成本 49.43 48.28 59.38 产品收入 672.46 672.46 672.46 总收益 622.72 624.18 613.08 求解性能 最优性间隙(%) 0.60 4.32 0.53 求解时间(s) 27.69 3 600 41.55
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A1 索引与集合
A1 Indices and sets
符号 说明 $ mv\in G_c $ 载有原油$ c $的油船集合 $ c \in C $ 原油种类集合 $ mv \in MV $ 油船集合 $ t \in T $ 时间段集合 $ st \in ST $ 原油储罐集合 $ {\cal{C}}_k \subseteq C $ 可存储在储罐$ k $中的原油类型子集 $ \delta(\varphi) $ 油船连接图中子集$ \varphi\subset G_c $的边割集 $ k,\; k' \in K $ 储罐集合(包括原油储罐和调和罐) $ ct \in CT $ 调和罐集合 $ cd \in CD $ 原油蒸馏单元集合 $ \kappa \in PR $ 原油性质集合 $ (k,\; k') \in O^s $ 单元间可行连接关系集合 $ s \in S^{{\rm{out}},\; cd} $ 蒸馏单元$ cd $的出料产品集合 $ (c,\; s) \in C^s $ 原油到产品的映射关系集合 $ u,\; u' \in U $ 加工单元集合 $ m \in M $ 操作模式集合 $ s \in S^{{\rm{out}},\; u} $ 加工单元$ u $的出料产品集合 $ SO^{u',\; u} $ 从加工单元$ u' $到$ u $的产品流集合 $ p \in P $ 最终产品集合 $ pe \in PQ $ 产品性质集合 $ (u,\; s) \in SP $ 加工单元产品到最终产品的映射关系集合 $ \ell \in {\cal{L}} $ NMDT十进制位置索引集合 $ n \in {\cal{N}} $ NMDT数字值集合 $ C^{{\rm{chg}}} $ 单次储罐/蒸馏单元切换成本
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A2 参数
A2 Parameters
符号 说明 $ C^{{\rm{wait}}} $ 船舶单位时间等待成本 $ C^{{\rm{inv}}}_k $ 储罐$ k $单位库存单位时间持有成本 $ C^{{\rm{cd}}}_{cd,\; c} $ 蒸馏单元$ cd $处理原油$ c $的单位加工成本 $ C^{{\rm{ref}}}_{u,\; m} $ 加工单元$ u $在操作模式$ m $下的单位加工成本 $ P_p $ 最终产品$ p $的单位售价 $ \tau_{mv} $ 油船$ mv $的停泊时长 $ l_{mv} $ 油船$ mv $的船长 $ L $ 泊位总长度 $ H $ 调度周期长度 $ |T| $ 时间段总数 $ |C| $ 原油类型集合$ C $的原油种类数量 $ \epsilon $ 足够小的正数(用于子回路消除约束) $ {\rm{Tr}}_{mv} $ 油船$ mv $的预定到港时间 $ {\rm{Hb}}_{mv} $ 油船$ mv $的最小在港时间 $ {\rm{ord}}_t $ 时间段$ t $的序号 $ C_k^{{\rm{max}}} $ 储罐$ k $的最大容量 $ C_k^{{\rm{min}}} $ 储罐$ k $的最小容量 $ \phi_{c,\; \kappa} $ 原油$ c $中性质$ \kappa $的浓度值 $ \phi_{k,\; \kappa}^{{\rm{max}}} $ 储罐$ k $中性质$ \kappa $的允许上限 $ \phi_{k,\; \kappa}^{{\rm{min}}} $ 储罐$ k $中性质$ \kappa $的允许下限 $ {\rm{F}}_{k,\;k',\;t}^{{\rm{max}}} $ 时间段$ t $从单元$ k $到$ k' $的最大允许流量 $ {\rm{F}}_{k,\;k',\;t}^{{\rm{min}}} $ 时间段$ t $从单元$ k $到$ k' $的最小允许流量 $ {\rm{ND}} $ 最大切换次数 $ ss_{c,\; s} $ 原油$ c $切割为产品$ s $的收率系数 $ M $ 充分大的正数(Big-M常数) $ yd_{u,\; m,\; s} $ 加工单元$ u $在模式$ m $下产品$ s $的收率系数 $ C_u^{{\rm{min}}} $ 加工单元$ u $的最小处理能力 $ C_u^{{\rm{max}}} $ 加工单元$ u $的最大处理能力 $ D_p^{{\rm{min}}} $ 最终产品$ p $的最小需求量 $ D_p^{{\rm{max}}} $ 最终产品$ p $的最大需求量 $ pr_{u,\; s,\; pe} $ 加工单元$ u $产出的产品$ s $中性质$ pe $的含量 $ pp_{p,\; pe}^{{\rm{min}}} $ 最终产品$ p $的性质$ pe $的下限 $ pp_{p,\; pe}^{{\rm{max}}} $ 最终产品$ p $的性质$ pe $的上限 $ \psi $ NMDT离散化精度参数(负整数) $ v_{c,\; k}^{0} $ 储罐$ k $中原油$ c $的初始库存量 $ v_{c,\; k,\; t}^{{\rm{max}}} $ 储罐$ k $中原油$ c $在时间段$ t $的最大可能库存量 $ \varepsilon $ 两阶段迭代算法的收敛容差
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A3 决策变量
A3 Decision variables
符号 说明 $ {\rm{TCT}} $ 系统总成本(目标函数值) $ \xi_{mv} $ 油船$ mv $的停泊时间 $ \eta_{mv} $ 油船$ mv $的泊位位置 $ \alpha_{mv,\; mv'} $ 二元变量, 若$ mv $在$ mv' $之前停泊(时间维度)则为1, 否则为0 $ \beta_{mv,\; mv'} $ 二元变量, 若$ mv $在$ mv' $下方停泊(泊位维度)则为1, 否则为0 $ \alpha_{mv,\; mv'}^{{\rm{adj}}} $ 二元变量, 若$ mv $与$ mv' $在时间维度上相邻则为1, 否则为0 $ \beta_{mv,\; mv'}^{{\rm{adj}}} $ 二元变量, 若$ mv $与$ mv' $在泊位维度上相邻则为1, 否则为0 $ \delta_{mv,\; mv'} $ 二元变量, 若$ mv $与$ mv' $之间存在连接关系则为1, 否则为0 $ YI_{t,\; mv} $ 二元变量, 若船舶$ mv $在时间段$ t $到港则为1, 否则为0 $ YO_{t,\; mv} $ 二元变量, 若船舶$ mv $在时间段$ t $离港则为1, 否则为0 $ YF_{k,\; k',\; t} $ 连接激活二元变量, 若$ t $时段单元$ k $到$ k' $有物料流动则为1, 否则为0 $ \chi_{cd,\; t} $ 二元变量, 若蒸馏单元$ cd $在$ t $发生切换则为1, 否则为0 $ x_{t,\; u,\; m} $ 二元变量, 若$ t $时段加工单元$ u $采用模式$ m $则为1, 否则为0 $ Z_{k,\;k',\;t,\;\ell,\;n}^{\mu} $ NMDT二元变量, 若$ \mu_{k,\;k',\;t} $在位置$ \ell $选择数字$ n $则为1 $ v_{c,\; mv,\; t} $ 时间段$ t $内船舶$ mv $中原油$ c $的库存量 $ v_{c,\; k,\; t} $ 时间段$ t $储罐$ k $中原油$ c $的库存体积 $ F_{c,\; k,\; k',\; t} $ 时间段$ t $从单元$ k $到$ k' $的原油$ c $流量 $ \mu_{k,\; k',\; t} $ 混合罐$ k $在$ t $送往单元$ k' $的体积分数 $ TT_t $ 时间段$ t $的开始时间 $ DT_t $ 连续时间段$ t $的持续时长 $ \omega_{mv} $ 船舶$ mv $在海上的等待时间 $ NDR_{cd} $ 蒸馏单元$ cd $的切换次数 $ R_{t,\; cd} $ 时间段$ t $蒸馏单元$ cd $的总进料量 $ fin_{t,\; u,\; m} $ 时间段$ t $加工单元$ u $在模式$ m $下的进料量 $ fout_{t,\; u,\; s} $ 时间段$ t $加工单元$ u $产出的产品$ s $数量 $ pf_{t,\; p} $ 时间段$ t $最终产品$ p $的产量 $ \Delta\mu_{k,\; k',\; t} $ 归一化变量$ \mu $的连续松弛变量 $ \Delta F_{c,\; k,\; k',\; t} $ 流量$ F $的连续松弛变量 $ \hat{V}_{c,\;k,\;k',\;t,\;\ell,\;n} $ NMDT分解的库存体积变量 $ {\rm{LB}}^{\nu} $ 第$ \nu $次迭代获得的目标函数全局下界 $ {\rm{UB}}^{\nu} $ 第$ \nu $次迭代获得的目标函数全局上界 $ {\rm{GAP}}^{\nu} $ 第$ \nu $次迭代的相对优化间隙
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