Research on Coupled Co-firing Optimization Model for Segmented Planned Loads and Sulfur Constraint Boundary Adjustment
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摘要: 针对目前我国火电企业的配煤掺烧方案制定普遍采用人工经验模式, 导致方案制定效率低、配烧成本非最优的问题, 本文首次系统性开展了面向分段计划负荷的耦合配烧优化模型与硫分约束界调整研究. 首先, 为保证更快速与更精准地制定配烧方案, 通过磨煤机组的切换磨向量建立分段计划负荷与配烧优化模型之间的耦合关系, 实现了以计算机优化模型为主的数字化配烧. 然后, 针对耦合配烧优化模型中的关键环保指标硫分约束, 综合考虑了机组燃煤硫转化效率、脱硫效率与锅炉燃烧等不确定性的影响, 在反演计算硫分约束界的基础上, 基于改进随机配置网络建立了硫分约束界前馈补偿模型. 接下来, 为保证前馈补偿模型的历史训练样本案例数据库的最优性, 通过监测机组的实时生产数据全周期迭代动态更新案例数据库, 进而提升前馈补偿模型的全周期预测精准性. 最后, 基于该模型开发的计算机软件系统运行后, 配烧方案制定时间由原40分钟/次缩减到5分钟/次之内, 显著提升了运行人员的配烧效率; 另外, 在满足带负荷最佳匹配的前提下, 通过优化技术, 掺烧低热值经济煤种的比例明显增加, 相比人工经验制定的配烧方案成本平均下降21元/吨, 取得了良好经济效益.Abstract: Currently, in response to the widespread use of manual experience mode in the formulation of coal blending and co-firing schemes for thermal power enterprises in China, which leads to low efficiency in scheme formulation and suboptimal co-firing costs, this paper systematically conducts a coupled blending optimization model and sulfur constraint boundary adjustment research for segmented planned loads for the first time. Firstly, in order to ensure faster and more accurate formulation of the blending scheme, a coupling relationship between segmented planned load and blending optimization model is established through the switching of grinding vectors of the coal mill unit, achieving digital co-firing mainly based on computer optimization models. Then, focusing on the key environmental indicator-sulfur constraint in the coupled co-firing optimization model, taking into account the uncertainty factors such as coal sulfur conversion efficiency, desulfurization efficiency, and boiler combustion, a sulfur constraint boundary feedforward compensation model based on an improved stochastic configuration network is established on the basis of inverse calculation of the sulfur constraint boundary. Next, in order to ensure the optimality of the history training sample case database for the feedforward compensation model, the real-time production data of the monitoring unit is iteratively updated throughout the entire cycle to dynamically update the case database, thereby improving the accuracy of the feedforward compensation model's full cycle prediction. Finally, after the computer software system developed based on this model is run, the time for formulating the combustion plan was reduced from the original 40 minutes/time to within 5 minutes/time, significantly improving the combustion efficiency of the operators. In addition, under the premise of meeting the optimal matching with load, the proportion of low calorific value economic coal blended through optimization technology has significantly increased. Compared with the co-firing scheme formulated by manual experience, the average cost has decreased by 21 yuan/ton, achieving good economic benefits.
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Key words:
- Co-firing /
- segmented loads /
- optimization model /
- model constraint boundary /
- dynamic compensation
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图 2 负荷-硫转化效率和负荷—脱硫效率曲线
Fig. 2 Load-sulfur conversion efficiency and load-desulfurization efficiency curves
图 3 不同负荷模式下配烧模型求解过程
Fig. 3 Co-firing model solution process under different load modes
图 4 分段负荷的硫分约束界调整配烧优化模型
Fig. 4 Sulfur constraint boundary adjusted co-firing optimization model for segmented loads
图 9 硫分约束界迭代调整的成本节约效果
Fig. 9 Cost saving effect of iterative adjustment of sulfur constraint boundary
图 10 迭代过程中硫分约束界与配烧成本的动态演化
Fig. 10 The dynamic evolution of sulfur constraint boundary and co-firing costs during the iterative process
表 1 计划负荷与煤耗关系数据
Table 1 Relationship data between planned load and coal consumption
负荷(MW) 煤耗(g/kWh) 负荷(MW) 煤耗(g/kWh) 50 432.5 225 311.3 75 379.1 250 308.5 100 352.7 275 306.3 125 337.2 300 304.6 150 327.1 325 303.3 175 320.1 350 302.2 200 315.1 375 301.3 
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表 2 煤场存煤信息
Table 2 Coal storage information
煤种 编号 ${\boldsymbol{Q}}$(kcal/kg) ${\boldsymbol{S}}$(%) ${\boldsymbol{V}}$(%) ${\boldsymbol{A}}$(%) ${\boldsymbol{M}}$(%) ${\boldsymbol{P}}$(CNY/t) 华能优 11 2976.00 0.35 26.34 2.95 46.24 1004.03 神混 12 4802.00 0.68 18.42 23.91 12.50 1046.20 印尼褐煤 13 2771.00 0.88 25.69 2.92 47.20 746.00 平混 21 4725.00 0.92 26.20 29.29 6.40 971.71 伊泰 22 4582.00 0.37 23.87 20.62 15.20 1070.00 印尼褐煤 23 4319.00 1.18 24.28 27.86 9.80 866.82 印尼烟煤 31 5562.00 0.76 39.77 15.05 9.20 1134.88 大友 32 5008.00 1.09 22.89 33.42 7.00 948.25 印尼褐煤 33 2733.00 0.37 24.38 6.37 47.14 877.79
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表 4 磨煤机设置
Table 4 Configuration of coal mill
磨煤机编号 职能 ${R^{\max }}/{R^{\min }}$(t/h) $v$(t/h) #1磨煤机 深度调峰 50/25 0.2 #2磨煤机 深度调峰 50/25 0.2 #3磨煤机 中高 50/25 — #4磨煤机 高 50/25 —
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表 3 配烧参数设置
Table 3 Co-firing parameters setting
负荷段名称 负荷 热值约束 环保约束 安全约束 $\angle_e$(MW) $\angle_h$(MW) $\angle_g$(MW) $\angle_i$(MW) $Q^{\rm{L}}$(kcal/kg) $S^{\rm{U}}$(%) $M^{\rm{U}}$/ $M^{\rm{L}}$(%) $V^{\rm{U}}$/$V^{\rm{L}}$/(%) $A^{\rm{U}}$/$A^{\rm{L}}$(%) 深度调峰$\angle_1$ 70 15 5 90 2205 0.68 50/10 40/20 30/0 中高负荷$\angle_2$ 160 15 5 180 2681 0.45 50/10 40/20 30/0 高负荷$\angle_3$ 270 15 5 290 4130 0.45 50/10 40/20 30/0
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表 5 人工配烧与模型配烧效益对比
Table 5 Comparison of benefits between manual co-firing and model co-firing
煤仓 煤种 比例 热值(kcal/kg) 硫分(%) 价格(CNY/t) 人工 模型 人工 模型 人工 模型 人工 模型 人工 模型 #1煤仓 1D2/2D2 2D3/3D3 20/80 41/59 4626 3483 0.37 0.37 916.23 955.73 #2煤仓 1D3/2D2 2D2/2D3 35/65 70/30 3950 4699 0.45 0.61 1082.98 1009.80 #3煤仓 3D3 3D3 单烧 单烧 2733 2733 0.53 0.37 835.93 877.79 #4煤仓 2D2 2D2/3D3 单烧 80/20 4582 4212 0.37 0.60 1070.00 1031.56 深调 — — — — 4288 3426 0.49 0.37 1011.06 982.77$\downarrow $28.29 中高 — — — — 3770 3468 0.45 0.45 966.64 947.77$\downarrow $18.87 高 — — — — 4386 4131 0.45 0.45 1030.72 999.03 $\downarrow $31.69
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表 6 训练样本数据案例库
Table 6 Training sample data repository
负荷段 输入${\boldsymbol{U}}$ 输出${\boldsymbol{Y}}$ 评价指标 $\angle$(MW) ${S^{\rm{U}}}(\%) $ $\Delta {S^{\rm{U}}}(\%) $ $E$$($无单位$) $ 深调 65 0.68 0.19 13.94 深调 88 0.68 0.21 14.51 深调 107 0.68 0.23 14.27 $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ 中高 136 0.45 0.19 14.22 中高 174 0.45 0.16 14.96 中高 220 0.45 0.15 14.66 $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ 高 260 0.45 0.17 15.02 高 300 0.45 0.15 13.15 $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ $ \cdots $ 高 350 0.45 0.16 13.73
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表 7 硫分约束界迭代调整
Table 7 Sulfur constraint boundary iterative adjustment
负荷段 参数 未调硫 $d=1$ $d=2$ $d=3$ 深调负荷段 $\angle$(MW) 90 90 90 90 ${S^{\text{U}}}(\%) $ 0.68 0.68 0.89 1.02 $\Delta \widehat S^{\rm{U}}(\%) $ 0.00 0.21 0.13 0.07 $e^ {S{O_{2}}}$($\rm{mg/m^3}$) 11.89 6.82 5.27 4.83 价格(CNY/t) 982.77 953.13 $\downarrow $29.64 940.80 $\downarrow $12.33 918.17 $\downarrow $22.63 中高负荷段 $\angle$(MW) 180 180 180 180 ${S^{\text{U}}}(\%) $ 0.45 0.45 0.62 0.69 $ \Delta \widehat S^{\rm{U}}(\%) $ 0.00 0.17 0.07 0.05 $e^ {S{O_{2}}}$($\rm{mg/m^3}$) 13.18 7.47 5.57 4.32 价格(CNY/t) 947.77 892.87 $\downarrow $54.90 870.91 $\downarrow $21.96 860.78 $\downarrow $10.13 高负荷段 $\angle$(MW) 290 290 290 290 ${S^{\text{U}}}(\%) $ 0.45 0.45 0.59 0.68 $\Delta \widehat S^{\rm{U}}(\%) $ 0.00 0.14 0.09 0.05 $e^ {S{O_{2}}}$($\rm{mg/m^3}$) 11.42 7.56 6.02 4.76 价格(CNY/t) 999.03 956.86 $\downarrow $42.17 929.71 $\downarrow $27.15 914.60 $\downarrow $15.11
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表 8 模型配烧调硫分约束前后方案对比
Table 8 Comparison of schemes before and after sulfur constraint adjustment in model co-firing
煤仓 煤种 比例 热值(kcal/kg) 硫分(%) 价格(CNY/t) 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 #1煤仓 2D3/3D3 2D3/3D3 41/59 53/47 3483 3930 0.37 0.80 955.73 871.94 #2煤仓 2D2/2D3 2D2/3D3 70/30 45/55 4699 3566 0.61 0.37 1009.80 964.40 #3煤仓 3D3 1D3 单烧 单烧 2733 2771 0.37 0.88 877.79 746.00 #4煤仓 2D2/3D3 2D3/2D2 80/20 80/20 4212 4898 0.60 0.76 1031.56 907.46 深调 — — — — 3426 3748 0.37 0.59 982.77 918.17$\downarrow $64.60 中高 — — — — 3468 3422 0.45 0.68 947.77 860.78 $\downarrow $86.99 高 — — — — 4131 4131 0.45 0.73 999.03 914.60 $\downarrow $84.43
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表 9 模型配煤调硫分约束前后方案对比(500MW)
Table 9 Comparison of before and after schemes for model coal blending and sulfur adjustment constraints (500 MW)
煤仓 煤种 比例 热值(kcal/kg) 硫分(%) 价格(CNY/t) 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 未调硫 调硫 #1煤仓 3D3 3D3 单烧 单烧 2733 2733 0.37 0.37 877.79 877.79 #2煤仓 3D3 1D3/3D3 单烧 41/59 2733 2749 0.37 0.58 877.79 845.74 #3煤仓 1D3/2D2 1D3/2D3 50/50 58/42 4073 3885 0.52 1.03 982.49 833.73 #4煤仓 1D3/3D3 1D3 39/61 单烧 2841 2771 0.54 0.88 847.68 800.00 #5煤仓 1D2/2D2 1D2/2D3 56/44 80/20 4706 4878 0.54 0.90 1056.52 967.84 深调 — — — — 2733 2741 0.37 0.48 877.79 861.76 $\downarrow $16.03 中高 — — — — 3095 3034 0.45 0.72 896.44 839.31 $\downarrow $57.13 高 — — — — 3561 3561 0.45 0.72 948.68 881.28 $\downarrow $67.40
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表 10 不同模型配烧方案对比
Table 10 Comparison of co-firing schemes for different models
煤仓 煤种 比例 热值(kcal/kg) 硫分(%) 价格(CNY/t) I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III #1煤仓 2D2/3D3 2D2/3D3 2D3/3D3 62/38 57/43 53/47 3877 3786 3930 0.37 0.37 0.80 996.70 987.24 871.94 #2煤仓 2D3/3D2 2D3/3D3 2D2/3D3 80/20 44/56 45/55 4983 3714 3566 1.16 0.72 0.37 883.11 873.00 964.40 #3煤仓 1D3/3D3 1D3/2D3 1D3 56/44 80/20 单烧 2754 3212 2771 0.66 0.94 0.88 803.37 770.16 746.00 #4煤仓 2D3/3D3 2D3/3D1 2D3/2D2 36/64 80/20 80/20 3531 5094 4898 0.66 1.10 0.76 873.89 920.43 907.46 深调 — — — — — — 4430 4015 3750 0.77 0.55 0.59 939.91 930.12 918.17 中高 — — — — — — 3872 3571 3422 0.73 0.68 0.68 894.39 876.80 860.78 高 — — — — — — 4131 4189 4131 0.73 0.73 0.73 917.90 926.89 914.60
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