A High Performance Reversible Watermarking Scheme baselineskip Based on Histogram Shifting
-
摘要: 近年来,基于直方图平移的可逆水印算法因其生成水印图像质量高而被广泛研究.目前大部分相关水印算法是非盲的,需要额外传送峰值/零点对等边信息.已有的相关盲水印算法由于采用固定的峰值/零点对而性能较差.本文提出一种面向差值域多层嵌入的高性能直方图平移盲可逆水印算法,有关同步机制可保证在每层嵌入时都选择最优的峰值点和零点.对于单层嵌入,提出两步嵌入法(Two-step embedding,TSE)同步机制,将边信息嵌入到第一步生成的水印像素最低有效位以实现盲提取;对多层嵌入,则进一步提出链式嵌入同步机制,并在最后层采用两步嵌入法以保证水印盲提取.仿真结果表明,本文算法不但可以实现盲提取的要求,而且在算法性能方面较同类算法有显著的提高.Abstract: In recent years, histogram shifting based reversible watermarking has become the domain of extensive research due to its high stego-image quality. Most related schemes are required to transmit extra side information, e.g. peak and zero point pairs, and therefore are non blind in nature. The existing blind schemes, however, exhibit relatively poor performance due to the adoption of fixed peak and zero point pairs. This paper presents a histogram shifting based multi-level embedding scheme for blind reversible watermarking. For single level embedding, a two-step embedding (TSE) approach is proposed, which hides the side information in the stego-image generated with first embedding for blind requirement. While for multi-level embedding, a chain embedding is further incorporated,which ensures both the blind requirement and adoption of optimal peak and zero point pair in each level for high performance reversible watermarking. Extensive simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed scheme could not only achieve the blind reversible watermarking but also outperform other similar ones.
-
[1] Cox I J,Miller M L,Bloom J A. Digital Watermarking. San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann,2001[2] Wang Xiang-Yang,Hou Li-Min,Wu Jun. Feature-based digital image watermarking scheme robust to geometric attacks. Acta Automatica Sinica,2008,34(1):1-6(王向阳,侯丽敏,邬俊. 基于图像特征点的强鲁棒数字水印嵌入方案. 自动化学报,2008,34(1):1-6)[3] Xu Zi-Han,Wang Xiang-Yang. An SVR based image watermarking detection algorithm against geometric attacks. Acta Automatica Sinica,2009,35(1):23-27(徐紫涵,王向阳. 可有效抵抗一般性几何攻击的数字水印检测方法. 自动化学报,2009,35(1):23-27)[4] Deng Cheng,Li Jie,Gao Xin-Bo. Geometric attacks resistant image watermarking in affine covariant regions. Acta Automatica Sinica,2010,36(2):221-228(邓成,李洁,高新波. 基于仿射协变区域的抗几何攻击图像水印算法. 自动化学报,2010,36(2):221-228)[5] Barton J M. Method and Apparatus for Embedding Authentication Information within Digital Data. U.S. Patent 5646997,July 1997[6] Fridrich J,Goljan M,Du R. Invertible authentication. In:Proceedings of the SPIE Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents. San Jose,USA:SPIE,2001. 197-208[7] Celik M U,Sharma G,Tekalp A M,Saber E. Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2005,14(2):253-266[8] Tian J. Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2003,13(8):890-896[9] Alattar A M. Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2004,13(8):1147-1156[10] Thodi D M,Rodriquez J J. Prediction-error-based reversible watermarking. In:Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing. Singapore,Singapore:IEEE,2004. 1549-1552[11] Thodi D M,Rodriguez J J. Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2007,16(3):721-730[12] Weng S W,Zhao Y,Pan J S,Ni R R. Reversible watermarking based on invariability and adjustment on pixel pairs. IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2008,15:721-724[13] Weng S W,Zhao Y,Ni R R,Pan J S. Parity-invariability-based reversible watermarking. Electronics Letters,2009,45(20):1022-1023[14] Ni Z C,Shi Y Q,Ansari N,Su W. Reversible data hiding. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2006,16(3):354-362[15] Xuan G,Yao Q,Yang C,Gao J,Chai P,Shi Y Q,Ni Z C. Lossless data hiding using histogram shifting method based on integer wavelets. In:Proceedings of the International Workshop on Digital Watermarking. Jeju Island,Korea:Springer,2006. 323-332[16] Wu X Y. Reversible semi-fragile watermarking based on histogram shifting of integer wavelet coefficients. In:Proceedings of the Digital Ecosystems and Technologies Conference. Cairns,Australia:IEEE,2007. 501-505[17] Lin C C,Tai W L,Chang C C. Multilevel reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of difference images. Pattern Recognition,2008,41(12):3582-3591[18] Tsai P,Hu Y C,Yeh H L. Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting. Signal Processing,2009,89(6):1129-1143[19] Tai W L,Yeh C M,Chang C C. Reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of pixel differences. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2009,19(6):906-910[20] Hwang J,Kim J,Choi J. A reversible watermarking based on histogram shifting. In:Proceedings of the International Workshop on Digital Watermarking. Jeju Island,Korea:Springer,2006. 348-361[21] Yang B,Schmucker M,Busch C,Niu X,Sun S. Approaching optimal value expansion for reversible watermarking. In:Proceedings of the 7th Workshops on Multimedia and Security. New York,USA:ACM,2005. 95-102[22] Wang J X,Ni J Q. A fast performance estimation scheme for histogram shifting based multi-layer embedding. In:Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Proessing. Hong Kong,China:IEEE,2010. 3701-3704[23] Luo L,Chen Z,Chen M,Zeng X,Xiong Z. Reversible image watermarking using interpolation technique. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,2010,5(1):187-193
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2359
- HTML全文浏览量: 101
- PDF下载量: 1297
- 被引次数: 0