Abstract: A novel image projective registration algorithm based on Riemannian manifold is presented. We use SL(3) group as projective parametric transformation to exploit the geometric structure of the underlying space and get the geodesics on SL(3) through variation method. Then, we define the new Riemannian exponential mapping. Finally, we develop a new image projective registration algorithm based on Riemannian analysis on SL(3). In addition, we analyze the advantage of our method and give a direct proof of local quadratic convergence of the algorithm. Comparative experiments have demonstrated that this method makes a more significant improvement on efficiency and accuracy than the image projective registration algorithm based on vector space and outperforms the projective registration algorithm based on Lie group.