一种基于区块链的DNSSEC公钥验证机制

陈闻宇; 李晓东; 杨学; 徐彦之

doi:10.16383/j.aas.c201082

一种基于区块链的DNSSEC公钥验证机制

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c201082

陈闻宇^{1, 2, 3,},
李晓东^1,,
杨学^3,,
徐彦之^4,

1.
中国科学院计算技术研究所北京 100190
2.
中国科学院大学北京 100049
3.
中国互联网络信息中心北京 100190
4.
广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院广州 510770

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划专项基金(2019YFB1804500)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
陈闻宇：高级工程师, 中国科学院计算技术研究所网络技术研究中心博士研究生. 主要研究方向为互联网基础资源, 网络安全和区块链技术. E-mail: chenwy2000@163.com

李晓东：中国科学院计算技术研究所研究员, 清华大学公共管理学院兼职教授. 主要研究方向为互联网基础资源, 大数据分析, 网络安全和互联网治理. E-mail: xl@ict.ac.cn

杨学：中国互联网络信息中心高级工程师. 主要研究方向为互联网基础资源, 大数据和区块链技术. 本文通信作者. E-mail: yangx@cnnic.cn

徐彦之：广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院高级工程师. 主要研究方向为人工智能, 大数据和区块链技术. E-mail: xuyz@cannano.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-29
- 录用日期: 2021-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-20

A Blockchain-based DNSSEC Public Key Verification Scheme

CHEN Wen-Yu^{1, 2, 3
,},
LI Xiao-Dong^1
,,
YANG Xue^3
,,
XU Yan-Zhi^4
,

1.
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3.
China Internet Network Information Center, Beijing 100190
4.
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou 510770

Funds: Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFB1804500)

More Information

Author Bio:
CHEN Wen-Yu　Senior engineer, Ph.D. candidate at the Network Technology Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interest covers internet fundamental resources management, network security, and blockchain technology

LI Xiao-Dong　 Professor at the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and adjunct professor of the School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University. His research interest covers internet fundamental resources management, big data analysis, network security, and internet governance

YANG Xue　Senior engineer at China Internet Network Information Center. His research interest covers internet fundamental resources management, big data, and blockchain technology. Corresponding author of this paper

XU Yan-Zhi　Senior engineer at Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology. Her research interest covers artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain technology

摘要

摘要: 针对中心化域名安全扩展(Domain name system security extensions, DNSSEC)架构所导致的信任链复杂性和单边控制模式, 提出了一种去中心化的DNSSEC公钥验证机制. 该机制结合区块链结构、密码学累加器和共识算法设计, 创新性地实现使用区块链技术的密钥绑定、轮转和验证操作, 无需中心化权威节点即可使用可信公钥验证域名记录. 进一步分析和实验表明, 所提出的机制在保证密钥管理安全性的同时, 提高了密钥验证的效率.
- 域名安全扩展 /
- 公钥基础设施 /
- 区块链 /
- 密码学累加器
Abstract: To solve the problem of the complexity of chain-of-trust and the unilateral governance caused by the centralized domain name system security extensions (DNSSEC) architecture, a decentralized DNSSEC public key verification mechanism is proposed. By introducing blockchain structure design, cryptographic accumulator, and consensus algorithm, the proposed mechanism gives radical new key binding, rotation, and verification operations leveraging blockchain technologies enables the use of trustful public key verification without any centralized authorities. Further analysis and experiments show that the proposed mechanism consistently perform the order of magnitude better key verification performance, as well as achieve a good trade-off between key management complexity and security.
- Domain name system security extensions (DNSSEC) /
- public key infrastructure (PKI) /
- blockchain /
- cryptographic accumulator
注释:

1) ¹ https://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-topogen.html

HTML全文

图 1 整体结构图

Fig. 1 Overall system structure

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图 2 区块结构图

Fig. 2 Block structure

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图 3 基于智能合约的公钥绑定对注册操作

Fig. 3 A public key binding pair registration process based on intelligent contract

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图 4 基于密码学累加器的公钥绑定验证

Fig. 4 Public key binding verification based on cryptography accumulator

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图 5 采用分组的PBFT共识

Fig. 5 Leveraging grouping mechanism in PBFT consensus

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图 6 运行dig命令查看SOA记录的结果

Fig. 6 Running dig command to view the results of SOA records

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图 7 各PBFT算法交易处理速度对比

Fig. 7 Comparison of transaction processing latency of different PBFT algorithms

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图 8 对比以太坊实现的公钥验证时间

Fig. 8 Public key verification time compared with Ethernet implementation

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图 9 对比DNSSEC的公钥验证时间

Fig. 9 Public key verification time compared with DNSSEC implementation

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图 10 密钥注册时间对比

Fig. 10 Key registration time comparison

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图 11 基于区块链的KSK公钥轮转响应示意图

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of KSK public key rotation response based on block chain

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表 1 近期相关研究对比

Table 1 Comparison of most recent related works

研究	研究对象	提出时间	基本方法	针对问题
Hari等^[9]	DNS	2016年	首次提出使用区块链而非PKI验证DNS记录	功能性
Namecoin^[10]	DNS	2011年	首个基于区块链的开源DNS系统	功能性
Blockstack^[11]	DNS	2016年	提出将域名数据和控制分层的方案, 通过外部存储降低区块链管理域名记录的复杂性	功能性
Liu等^[12]	DNS	2018年	进一步提出使用去中心化文件管理实现区块链外部存储DNS记录	功能性
Blockzone^[13]	DNS	2019年	整体提出了一种基于PBFT的DNS记录管理机制	安全性
IKP^[14]	PKI	2017年	使用区块链改进PKI/CA对异常操作的处理	安全性
CertLedger^[15]	PKI	2019年	引入区块链提高PKI的安全性	安全性
Wang等^[16]	PKI	2022年	设计区块链交易实现CA验证功能	功能性
Gourley等^[17]	DNSSEC	2018年	提出使用特定区块链网络存储X.509格式DNSSEC证书	安全性
AuthLedger^[18]	DNSSEC	2019年	提出一种使用区块链实现PKI签名验证的设计	功能性

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表 2 各方式PBFT算法容错能力比较(%)

Table 2 Comparison of fault toleration capability of different PBFT algorithms (%)

PBFT类型^注1	无分组^注2	聚类分组	域名分组
2/0	2	1	2
4/0	5	2	5
10/0	100	17	32
1/2	3	4	9
4/4	13	100	23
10/4	100	100	47
注1: 表示30个节点委员会中“恶意非权威节点个数/恶意权威节点个数”. 注2: 列2 ~ 4给出未达成共识交易次数所占百分比.

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