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基于 GBDT 的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析

钟敏慧 张婉露 李有儒 朱振峰 赵耀

钟敏慧, 张婉露, 李有儒, 朱振峰, 赵耀. 基于 GBDT 的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析. 自动化学报, 2022, 48(2): 470−478 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190630
引用本文: 钟敏慧, 张婉露, 李有儒, 朱振峰, 赵耀. 基于 GBDT 的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析. 自动化学报, 2022, 48(2): 470−478 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190630
Zhong Min-Hui, Zhang Wan-Lu, Li You-Ru, Zhu Zhen-Feng, Zhao Yao. GBDT based railway accident type prediction and cause analysis. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 470−478 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190630
Citation: Zhong Min-Hui, Zhang Wan-Lu, Li You-Ru, Zhu Zhen-Feng, Zhao Yao. GBDT based railway accident type prediction and cause analysis. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 470−478 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190630

基于 GBDT 的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c190630
基金项目: 科技创新 2030- “新一代人工智能”重大项目(2018AAA0102101), 中央高校基本科研业务费(2018JBZ001), 国家自然科学基金(61976018, 61532005)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    钟敏慧:北京交通大学信息科学研究所硕士研究生. 主要研究方向为计算机视觉, 机器学习. E-mail: mhzhong@bjtu.edu.cn

    张婉露:北京交通大学信息科学研究所硕士研究生. 主要研究方向为计算机视觉, 深度学习. E-mail: wlzhang@bjtu.edu.cn

    李有儒:北京交通大学信息科学研究所硕士研究生. 主要研究方向为数据挖掘, 机器学习. E-mail: liyouru@bjtu.edu.cn

    朱振峰:北京交通大学信息科学研究所教授. 2005年获中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室工学博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像视频分析与理解, 计算机视觉, 机器学习. 本文通信作者. E-mail: zhfzhu@bjtu.edu.cn

    赵耀:北京交通大学信息科学研究所教授, 所长. 1996年获北京交通大学工学博士学位. 主要研究方向为图像与视频编码, 数字水印与取证, 视频分析及理解, 人工智能. E-mail: yzhao@bjtu.edu.cn

GBDT Based Railway Accident Type Prediction and Cause Analysis

Funds: Supported by Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program: New Generation Artificial Intelligence (2018AAA0102101), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2018JBZ001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (61976018, 61532005)
More Information
    Author Bio:

    ZHONG Min-Hui Master student at the Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University. Her research interest covers computer vision and machine learning

    ZHANG Wan-Lu Master student at the Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University. Her research interest covers computer vision and deep learning

    LI You-Ru Master student at the Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University. His research interest covers data mining and machine learning

    ZHU Zhen-Feng Professor at the Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University. He received his Ph. D. degree in pattern recognition and intelligence system from the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005. His research interest covers image and video understanding, computer vision and machine learning. Corresponding author of this paper

    ZHAO Yao Professor and director at the Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University. He received his Ph. D. degree from Beijing Jiaotong University in 1996. His research interest covers image/video coding, digital watermarking and forensics, video analysis and understanding and artificial intelligence

  • 摘要: 运用数据挖掘技术进行铁路事故类型预测及成因分析, 对于建立铁路事故预警机制具有重要意义. 为此, 本文提出一种基于梯度提升决策树(Grandient boosting decision tree, GBDT)的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析算法. 针对铁路事故记录数据缺失的问题, 提出一种基于属性分布概率的补全算法, 最大程度保持原有数据分布, 从而降低数据缺失对事故类型预测造成的影响. 针对铁路事故记录数据类别失衡的问题, 提出一种集成的GBDT模型, 完成对事故类型的鲁棒性预测. 在此基础上, 根据GBDT预测模型中特征重要度排序, 实现事故成因分析. 通过在开放数据库上进行实验, 验证了本文模型的有效性.
  • 图  1  基于GBDT的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析框架

    Fig.  1  The framework of GBDT-based railroad accident type prediction and cause analysis

    图  2  三种补全方法结果对比

    Fig.  2  Comparison of three methods results

    图  3  不同GBDT集成个数下分类准确率

    Fig.  3  Accuracy of classifiers with different number of GBDT

    图  4  混淆矩阵

    Fig.  4  Confusion matrix

    图  5  不同特征数量下预测结果

    Fig.  5  Prediction results of classifier with different features

    图  6  两类事故致因中不同因素的比例

    Fig.  6  Proportion of different factors in causes of two types of railroad accidents

    表  1  原始数据描述

    Table  1  Description of original data

    RecordAccident typeAttribute
    Number 5 434 11 144
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  事故类型描述

    Table  2  Description of accident types

    TypeDescription
    1 Derailment
    2 Head on collision
    3 Rearend collision
    4 Side collision
    5 Raking collision
    6 Broken train collision
    7 Hwy-rail crossing
    8 RR grade crossing
    9 Obstruction
    10 Fire
    11 Other impacts
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  数据集部分示例

    Table  3  Examples of the dataset

    NameDescriptionNumberType
    RAILROADRailroad code5 434Object
    CARSNum. of cars carrying hazmat5 434Int64
    TYPSPDTrain speed type5 086Object
    TRNDIRTrain direction5 161Float64
    TONSGross tonnage, excluding power units5 434Int64
    TYPEQType of consist5 081Object
    EQATTEquipment attended5 074Object
    CDTRHRNum. of hours conductors on duty3 628Int64
    ENGHRNum. of hours engineers on duty4 201Int64
    TRKNAMETrack identification5 434Object
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  预处理后数据描述

    Table  4  Description of preprocessed data

    RecordAccident typeAttribute dimension
    Number5 43411119
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  三种方法补全前后特征TRNDIR取值分布

    Table  5  Distribution of the attribute TRNDIR values before and after three completion methods

    Algorithm$a_j=1$$a_j=2$$a_j=3$$a_j=4$
    Before completion0.220.200.310.27
    Interpolation0.210.190.300.30
    Mode0.210.190.340.26
    Our algorithm0.220.200.310.27
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  不同采样率下集成GBDT分类准确率

    Table  6  Accuracy of classifiers with different sampling rates

    $\alpha$0.60.70.80.91.0
    Accuracy 0.8410.8460.8450.8520.848
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  各分类器性能对比

    Table  7  Performance comparison of classifiers

    ClassifierAccuracyPrecisionRecallF1
    DT0.7280.730.730.73
    RF0.7730.740.770.75
    ET0.7340.700.730.71
    GBDT0.8410.840.840.84
    Ensemble GBDT0.8520.850.850.85
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  重要度排名前15的特征

    Table  8  Features of top 15 in importance

    No.NameDescription
    1LatitudeLatitude in decimal degrees
    2LongitudeLongitude in decimal degrees
    3CNTYCDFIPS county code
    4HIGHSPDMaximum speed
    5TRKNAMETrack identification
    6RRCAR1Car initials (fist involved)
    7TEMPTemperature in degrees fahrenheit
    8MILEPOSTMilepost
    9STATIONNearest city and town
    10TRNSPDSpeed of train in miles per hour
    11RRCAR2Car initials (causing)
    12SUBDIVRailroad subdivision
    13ENGHRNum. of hours engineers on duty
    14CDTRHRNum. of hours conductors on duty
    15TONSGross tonnage
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-09-11
  • 录用日期:  2020-01-17
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-09-26
  • 刊出日期:  2022-02-18

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