可编辑区块链: 模型、技术与方法

袁勇; 王飞跃

doi:10.16383/j.aas.2020.y000002

可编辑区块链: 模型、技术与方法

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2020.y000002

袁勇^{1, 2,},
王飞跃^{1, 3,}

1.
中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室北京 100190
2.
青岛智能产业技术研究院平行区块链技术创新研究中心青岛 266109
3.
中国科学院哲学研究所北京 100000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018AAA0101401), 国家自然科学基金(61533019, 71702182)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
袁勇：中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室副研究员, 中国自动化学会区块链专委会主任. 2008年获得山东科技大学计算机软件与理论专业博士学位. 主要研究方向为社会计算, 计算广告学与区块链. 本文通信作者.E-mail: yong.yuan@ia.ac.cn

王飞跃：中国科学院自动化研究所复杂系统管理与控制国家重点实验室主任, 国防科技大学军事计算实验与平行系统技术研究中心主任, 中国科学院大学中国经济与社会安全研究中心主任, 青岛智能产业技术研究院院长. 主要研究方向为平行系统的方法与应用, 社会计算, 平行智能以及知识自动化. E-mail: feiyue.wang@ia.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-01-28
- 录用日期: 2020-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2020-06-01
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-01

Editable Blockchain: Models, Techniques and Methods

YUAN Yong^{1, 2
,},
WANG Fei-Yue^{1, 3
,}

1.
The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
Innovation Center for Parallel Blockchain, Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries, Qingdao 266109
3.
Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000

Funds: Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2018AAA0101401), National Natural Science Foundation of China (61533019, 71702182)

摘要

摘要: 可编辑区块链是区块链领域新兴而颇有争议的热点课题, 致力于在保障区块链安全可信等良好性质的前提下实现链上数据的可控编辑操作. 本文系统性地梳理和研究了可编辑区块链技术在信息安全和监管等领域面临的现实需求, 提出了可编辑区块链的工作框架, 并从数据修改、删除、插入、过滤和隐藏五个环节详细阐述了可编辑区块链的技术与方法, 最后讨论了该领域亟需解决的若干关键问题.
- 区块链 /
- 可编辑区块链 /
- 比特币 /
- 变色龙哈希函数
Abstract: The editable blockchain is a novel but controversial topic in blockchain research, aiming at editing the blockchain data without undermining their desirable features such as security and trustability. In this paper, we systematically analyze and address the requirements for editable blockchains in information security and regulation, and present a working framework of editable blockchains. We also investigate the detailed models, techniques and methods in redacting, deleting, inserting, filtering and hiding data on blockchains, and discuss some open problems. Our purpose is to provide helpful reference and guidance for future research and development in this novel area.
- Blockchain /
- editable blockchain /
- Bitcoin /
- chameleon hash function

HTML全文

图 1 可编辑区块链的研究框架

Fig. 1 Research framework of editable blockchain

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于可变交易的区块链修改流程

Fig. 2 Redacting blockchain data based on mutable transactions

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图 3 基于平行双区块链的数据修改流程

Fig. 3 Redacting blockchain data based onparallel blockchains

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图 4 基于平行双哈希链的数据修改流程

Fig. 4 Redacting blockchain data based on parallel hash chains

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图 5 区块链交易的状态可达性示例

Fig. 5 An illustrative example of state derivability for blockchain transactions

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图 6 比特币数据插入技术框架

Fig. 6 The framework of inserting data on Bitcoin blockchain

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图 7 上下文相关的交易级编辑与重构示例

Fig. 7 An illustrative example of transaction-level editing and reconstruction

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 比特币脚本规范与数据插入位置

Table 1 Scripts and locations of data insertion on bitcoin

序号	脚本名称	脚本规范	插入位置
a)	OP_RETURN	【输出脚本】OP_RETURN$\langle $Data$\rangle $	$\langle $Data$\rangle $
b)	P2PKH	【输出脚本】OP_DUP OP_HASH160$\langle $PubKeyHash$\rangle $OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG 【输入脚本】$\langle $Sig$\rangle $$\langle $PubKey$\rangle $	$\langle $PubKeyHash$\rangle $
c)	P2PK	【输出脚本】$\langle $PubKey$\rangle $OP_CHECKSIG 【输入脚本】$\langle $Sig$\rangle $	$\langle $PubKey$\rangle $
d)	MultiSig	【输出脚本】M$\langle $PubKey 1$\rangle\cdots\langle $PubKey N$\rangle $N OP_CHECKMULTISIG 【输入脚本】OP_0$\langle $Sig 1$\rangle\cdots\langle $Sig M$\rangle $	$\langle $PubKey$\rangle $
e)	P2SH	【输出脚本】OP_HASH160$\langle $RedeemScriptHash$\rangle $OP_EQUAL 【输入脚本】$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $RedeemScript$\rangle $	$\langle $Data$\rangle $或$\langle $RedeemScript$\rangle $
	P2SH Data Drop	【输入脚本】$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $RedeemScript$\rangle $ 【赎回脚本】OP_2DROP OP_2DROP$\langle $RandomNumber$\rangle $
	P2SH- Data Drop/Sig	【输入脚本】$\langle $Sig$\rangle $$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $Data$\rangle $$\langle $RedeemScript$\rangle $ 【赎回脚本】OP_DROP OP_2DROP$\langle $PubKey$\rangle $OP_CHECKSIG
	P2SH- Data Hash	【输入脚本】$\langle $Data 1$\rangle\langle $Data 2$\rangle\langle $Data 3$\rangle\langle $RedeemScript$\rangle $ 【赎回脚本】OP_HASH160$\langle $Data3Hash$\rangle $OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_HASH160 $\langle $Data2Hash$\rangle $OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_HASH160 $\langle $Data1Hash$\rangle $OP_EQUAL
	P2SH- Data Hash/Sig	【输入脚本】$\langle $Sig$\rangle \langle$Data 1$\rangle \langle$Data 2$\rangle\langle $Data 3$\rangle \langle$RedeemScript$\rangle $ 【赎回脚本】OP_HASH160$\langle $Data3Hash$\rangle $OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_HASH160 $\langle $Data2Hash$\rangle $OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_HASH160 $\langle $Data1Hash$\rangle $OP_EQUALVERIFY$\langle $PubKey$\rangle $OP_CHECKSIG

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