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基于评论异常度的新浪微博谣言识别方法

张仰森 彭媛媛 段宇翔 郑佳 尤建清

张仰森, 彭媛媛, 段宇翔, 郑佳, 尤建清. 基于评论异常度的新浪微博谣言识别方法. 自动化学报, 2020, 46(8): 1689−1702 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180444
引用本文: 张仰森, 彭媛媛, 段宇翔, 郑佳, 尤建清. 基于评论异常度的新浪微博谣言识别方法. 自动化学报, 2020, 46(8): 1689−1702 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180444
Zhang Yang-Sen, Peng Yuan-Yuan, Duan Yu-Xiang, Zheng Jia, You Jian-Qing. The method of Sina Weibo rumor detecting based on comment abnormality. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2020, 46(8): 1689−1702 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180444
Citation: Zhang Yang-Sen, Peng Yuan-Yuan, Duan Yu-Xiang, Zheng Jia, You Jian-Qing. The method of Sina Weibo rumor detecting based on comment abnormality. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2020, 46(8): 1689−1702 doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180444

基于评论异常度的新浪微博谣言识别方法

doi: 10.16383/j.aas.c180444
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 61772081

北京市教委科研计划 KM201711232022

详细信息
    作者简介:

    彭媛媛  北京信息科技大学硕士研究生.主要研究方向为自然语言处理. E-mail: pengyy0322@163.com

    段宇翔  北京信息科技大学硕士研究生.主要研究方向为自然语言处理和观点挖掘. E-mail: duanyx5173@163.com

    郑佳  北京信息科技大学硕士研究生.主要研究方向为自然语言处理和情感分析. E-mail: zhengjia0826@163.com

    尤建清  北京信息科技大学讲师.主要研究方向为自然语言处理. E-mail: yjq@bistu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    张仰森  北京信息科技大学教授.主要研究方向为自然语言处理和人工智能.本文通信作者. E-mail: zhangyangsen@163.com

The Method of Sina Weibo Rumor Detecting Based on Comment Abnormality

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61772081

Science and Technology Development Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission KM201711232022

More Information
    Author Bio:

    PENG Yuan-Yuan Master student at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. Her main research interest is nature language processing

    DUAN Yu-Xiang Master student at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. His research interest covers nature language processing and opinion mining

    ZHENG Jia Master student at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. His research interest covers nature language processing and emotion analysis

    YOU Jian-Qing Lecturer at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. His main research interest is nature language processing

    Corresponding author: ZHANG Yang-Sen Professor at Beijing Information Science and Technology University. His research interest covers nature language processing and artificial intelligence. Corresponding author of this paper
  • 摘要: 以微博为代表的社交媒体在为公众提供信息共享平台的同时, 也为谣言提供了可乘之机.开展微博中谣言的识别和清理方法研究, 对维护社会的安全稳定有着重要的现实意义.本文针对新浪微博平台中谣言识别的问题, 提出了一种基于评论异常度的微博谣言识别方法.首先采用D-S理论实现微博评论异常度的计算方法; 然后利用评论异常度与微博的内容特征、传播特征、用户特征对微博进行抽象表示; 最后再利用SVM (Support vector machine)构建一个基于评论异常度的谣言识别模型, 实现对新浪微博中谣言微博的识别.实验表明, 本文提出的谣言识别模型对新浪微博中谣言识别具有较好的效果, 谣言微博识别的F1值达到了96.2 %, 相较于现有文献的最好结果提高了1.3 %.
  • 图  1  谣言微博与普通微博的评论数对比

    Fig.  1  Comparison of the number of comments between rumor Weibo and ordinary Weibos

    图  2  谣言微博与普通微博的评论文本对比

    Fig.  2  Comparison of the comment texts between rumor Weibo and ordinary Weibo

    图  3  区分性词语频次差值

    Fig.  3  The frequency differences of identified words

    图  4  用户的普通微博与谣言微博平均评论数对比

    Fig.  4  Comparison of the average number of comments between rumor Weibo and ordinary Weibo for some users

    图  5  基于评论异常度的微博谣言识别模型

    Fig.  5  Weibo rumor detecting model based on comment abnormality

    图  6  SSE与区间个数$n$的关系

    Fig.  6  Relationship between SSE and the interval number $n$

    图  7  证据$CE$隶属度函数

    Fig.  7  The membership function of evidence $CE$

    图  8  证据$CK$隶属度函数

    Fig.  8  The membership function of evidence $CK$

    图  9  证据$CN$隶属度函数

    Fig.  9  The membership function of evidence $CN$

    图  10  谣言微博与普通微博评论异常度分布对比

    Fig.  10  Comparison of the comment abnormality distribution between rumor Weibos and ordinary Weibos

    表  1  微博谣言识别基础特征体系

    Table  1  The basic feature system of Weibo rumor detecting

    特征种类 特征名称 特征描述
    微博内容特征 $Length$ 微博文本的长度
    $Has\_Multimedia$ 微博文本中是否含有多媒体信息, 如图片、视频和外部链接
    $Emotion\_Tendency$ 微博的情感倾向, 分为正向情感和负向情感
    $Number\_of\_@$ 微博文本中的@数量
    $Number\_of\_topics$ 微博文本参与的话题数量
    微博传播特征 $Time\_Span$ 微博发布时间与用户注册时间的间隔天数
    $Client\_Type$ 发布微博的客户端类型, 包括移动客户端和非移动客户端
    $Participation$ 网民参与度, 评论数和转发数两者之和与评论数、转发数和点赞数三者之和的比值
    微博用户特征 $Has\_Verify$ 用户是否为认证用户
    $Has\_Description$ 用户是否有自述信息
    $Influence$ 用户影响力, 用户粉丝数与用户粉丝数和关注数两者之和的比值
    $Register\_Time$ 用户的注册时间
    $Number\_of\_blogs$ 用户的微博数量
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  谣言微博评论的区分性词集

    Table  2  The identified word sets of rumor Weibo comments

    类别 词集
    $Zwords$ 造谣, 举报, 谣言, 辟谣, 不实, 传谣
    $Gwords$ 不是, [蜡烛], 国家, 政府, [微笑], 知道, 真相, 新闻, 脑子, 真的, 祈祷, 呵呵, 智障, 没有, 恶心, 消息, 是不是, 口德, 真是, 相信, 素质, 打死, 事实, 智商, 抵制, 他妈的, 怒骂, 证据, 老百姓, [吃惊], 新浪, 不要脸, 证实, 脑残, [拜拜], 垃圾, 可怕, 小心, 尼玛, 传播, 暴力, 难道, 神经病, 法律, 公道, 记者, 媒体, 赶紧, 去死吧, 真假, 可能, 删除, 网警, 乱说, 不信, 打脸, 假新闻, 眼球, 国人, 键盘, 官方, 人性, 理智, 良心, 明显, 所谓, 民众, 不用, 无辜, 底线, 言论, 该死, 肯定, 水军, 真的假, 遭报应, 有意思, 侮辱, 生命, 央视, 闭嘴, 活该, 愤怒, 确定, 喷子, [怒], 煽动, 真实, 常识, 骂人, 缺德, 鄙视, 无知, 不删
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  $CE$、$CK$、$CN$的取值范围

    Table  3  The range of values of $CE$, $CK$ and $CN$

    证据 取值范围
    $ CE$ [$-0.530$, 0.782]
    $ CK$ [0, 0.178]
    $ CN$ [$-7.245$, 8.231]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同特征的准确率比较

    Table  4  Comparison of accuracies of different features

    序号 特征 准确率
    1 $Length$ 0.513
    2 $Has\_Multimedia$ 0.627
    3 $Emotion\_Tendency$ 0.601
    4 $Number\_of\_@$ 0.543
    5 $Number\_of\_topics$ 0.515
    6 $Time\_Span$ 0.633
    7 $Client\_Type$ 0.645
    8 $Participation$ 0.563
    9 $Has\_Verify$ 0.671
    10 $Has\_Description$ 0.532
    11 $Influence$ 0.513
    12 $Register\_Time$ 0.639
    13 $Number\_of\_blogs$ 0.703
    14 $Comment\_Abnormality$ 0.831
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同特征集合的组合情况

    Table  5  Combination of different feature sets

    对照实验 特征组合描述
    基本特征组合 内容特征+传播特征+用户特征
    特征组合1 基本特征组合+评论情感异常度
    特征组合2 基本特征组合+评论情感异常度+评论用词异常度+评论数目异常度
    特征组合3 基本特征组合+微博评论异常度
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  不同特征集合的实验结果对比

    Table  6  Comparison of experimental results of different feature sets

    特征组合 准确率 召回率 F1值
    基本特征组合 0.868 0.913 0.890
    特征组合1 0.902 0.930 0.916
    特征组合2 0.928 0.937 0.933
    特征组合3 0.954 0.971 0.962
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  不同方法的实验结果比较

    Table  7  Comparison of experimental results of different methods

    方法 准确率 召回率 F1值
    文献[6] 0.787
    文献[8] 0.913 0.913 0.913
    文献[9] 0.949 0.949 0.949
    本文方法 0.954 0.971 0.962
    下载: 导出CSV
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